Let's see them:
- Excess of cortisol It may lead to the Cushing's syndrome which is a disorder that leads to fat accumulates in the face, abdomen and upper back while arms and legs usually remain slender.
Other symptoms of Cushing's syndrome include muscle wasting and weakness, thin skin, poor wound healing, easy bruising, purple marks on the abdomen, menstrual irregularities, high blood pressure, glucose intolerance and hair loss in women. - Pharmaceutical drugs Diabetes medication, antidepressants or antipsychotics may alter the function of the body and brain, making it selectively store fat instead of burning it. Moreover, hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives containing estrogen can cause fluid retention and increased appetite.
- Genetics There are genetic components that do affect your susceptibility to gain weight: offsprings of obese parents are much more likely to become obese than offsprings of lean parents.
- Food addiction Nowadays, many foods are highly engineered and rich of chemicals: they are producted to be cheap, last long and especially be hyperpalatable.
By making foods taste so good, with excess of salt or sugar, the food manufacturers induce addiction causing a powerful stimulation of the reward centers in the brain.
People lose control over their eating behavior, in the same way as alcohol or drugs users. - Insulin spikes Elevates insulin levels make energy selectively get stored in the fat cells instead of being available for use: the best way to lower insulin is to cut back on carbohydrates, which usually leads to an automatic reduction in calorie intake and effortless weight loss.
- Leptin resistance Leptin is produced by the fat cells and sends signals to the hypothalamus to stop eating when you're full. In obese people leptin doesn't work as it should because for some reason the brain becomes resistant to it.
- Budget Junk food is often cheaper than real food: think about cheap sodas, candy and processed, packaged junk foods.
- Rapid fluctuations in blood sugar levels Excess of sugar changes the hormones and biochemistry of the body, contributing to weight gain: eating simple, refined carbohydrates can cause rapid fluctuations in blood sugar levels. This causes insulin resistance, elevated insulin levels, leptin resistance eventually leading to overeating and obesity.
- Hypothyroidism Thyroid hormone deficiency can decrease metabolism of food, causing appetite loss and modest weight gain.
- Lack of essential fatty acid Essential fatty acids are good fats that are needed by the body to make hormones and maintain the body's metabolic rate: a deficiency may cause cravings, particularly for fatty foods.
- Marketing Aggressive marketing to promote junk food is one of the major causes, especially and specifically towards children which aren't old enough to make conscious decisions about what food they should eat.
So now I have highlighed some of the top reasons for weight gain, in most cases, just changing your diet and living a more healthier lifestyle can improve medication levels and illnesses.
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